Quite a few health centres are witnessing an increasing amount of patients that have malignant mesothelioma. This presents pathologists involved in making the diagnosis with a number of problems, that are separated into those exposed in making the distinction between mesothelioma and worriless changes and those seen in separating cancer of the mesothelium from other sorts of epithelial and connective tissue tumours. IHC performs a major role in diagnosis, but it should be understood with regards to the clinical setting and radiological characteristics, and with a knowledge of the extensive morphological differences existing in mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma is a cancer affecting the serosal cavities, an anatomical location that is often affected by metastatic disease, mostly from primary carcinomas of the lung, breast, and ovary. Advances in IHC have resulted in improved diagnostic sensitivity and exactness in the differential diagnosis regarding cytological and histological material. Recently, the authors faction employed a high level of throughput technology to the classification of new flags that could help in telling the difference between cancer of the mesothelium from ovarian and peritoneal cancer, tumors with closely related histogenesis and antigenic profile. Together with the improved tools available for serosal cancer diagnosis, knowledge regarding the biology of mesothelioma has been accruing lately.